Acne: Information for Patients

What Is Acne?

Acne happens when the pores in your skin become blocked with oil and dead skin. This blockage can lead to blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, or painful cysts. It most often appears on the face, chest, back, and shoulders.

Who Is Affected?

  • Teenagers are most commonly affected, but adults can develop acne too.

  • Hormone changes (puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, menopause) can make acne flare.

  • Certain medicines and lifestyle factors may also contribute.

Symptoms

  • Mild acne: blackheads and whiteheads.

  • Moderate acne: red, inflamed spots and pus-filled pimples.

  • Severe acne: large, deep, painful lumps which can scar.

Treatment Options

  • Mild cases: over-the-counter creams or gels (benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid).

  • Moderate cases: prescription creams, antibiotics, or retinoids from your GP.

  • Severe or resistant acne: specialist treatment from a dermatologist.

Helpful Tips

  • Wash gently with a mild cleanser twice daily.

  • Choose non-comedogenic (pore-friendly) skincare and makeup.

  • Early treatment is best to prevent scarring.

What Not To Do

  • Do not squeeze or pick pimples — it worsens scarring.

  • Avoid harsh scrubbing and alcohol-based toners.

  • Do not rely on internet myths or untested “natural” remedies.

When To See Your GP

See your GP if acne is painful, leaving scars, or affecting your confidence. Professional care makes a big difference.

Key message: Acne is treatable. With the right plan, most people improve greatly and reduce the chance of long-term skin damage.