What is Mpox?

Mpox is an infection caused by the monkeypox virus. Since May 2022, there has been a global surge in mpox cases, including in Australia.

The virus primarily spreads through direct skin-to-skin contact or sexual activity. In New South Wales (NSW), men who have sex with men are at the highest risk of contracting mpox.

Since January 2023, a more severe strain of mpox has been causing an outbreak in central and eastern Africa.

What Are the Symptoms of Mpox?

Symptoms usually appear 3 to 21 days after exposure. Early symptoms may include:

Fever or chills
Headache
Muscle aches and back pain
Fatigue
Swollen lymph nodes

Common symptoms include:

Rashes, pimple-like lesions, or sores, especially in areas like the genitals, anus, or buttocks
Ulcers, lesions, or sores in the mouth
Rectal pain, which can occur even without a visible rash

People with mpox may be contagious up to four days before symptoms begin. They remain infectious until:

All lesions (sores) have crusted
Scabs have fallen off, and new skin has formed
Any rectal pain has completely resolved

Most people recover from mpox within a few weeks without needing specific treatment.

How Does Mpox Spread?

In Australia, mpox is mainly spreading through sexual activity. The virus spreads through:

Direct skin-to-skin contact with rashes, blisters, or sores
Contact with semen or other body fluids from an infected person

Mpox can also spread through:

Touching contaminated objects, such as bedding or clothing
Extended face-to-face contact with an infected person, though this is rare

How Can I Protect Myself from Mpox?

A vaccine called JYNNEOS is available to protect against mpox. Check the mpox vaccination page to see who should be vaccinated and how to book an appointment.

Other ways to protect yourself include:

Exchanging contact information with sexual partners so you can be notified if they develop mpox and offered post-exposure vaccination
Avoiding close contact with people who have mpox or its symptoms
Avoiding contact with contaminated materials, such as bedding or towels from an infected person
Practicing good hand hygiene

For tips on protecting yourself from mpox when travelling overseas, see the Mpox: Information for Overseas Travellers page.

How Is Mpox Diagnosed and Treated?

Mpox is diagnosed by taking swabs from affected areas.

Most people with mpox can manage their symptoms at home by staying hydrated and taking over-the-counter pain relief. If you contract mpox, your doctor will monitor your symptoms.

In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary, where treatment could include fever or pain control and antiviral medications.

Please speak to your doctor if you have any concerns.